Effects of Different Types of Foliar Fertilizers on Plant Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Fruit Quality of Honey Pears

This study used ‘Qiuyue' honey pears as the test material. Treatments included a macronutrient foliar fertilizer（F₁）, an amino acid foliar fertilizer（F₂）, a hormonal foliar fertilizer（F₃）, a humic acid foliar fertilizer（F₄）, and a seaweed acid foliar fertilizer（F₅）, with water spraying serving as the control. The study systematically analyzed changes in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient content in pear leaves and fruits, as well as growth indicators, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and fruit quality. The results showed that all five foliar fertilizers improved the nutrient absorption capacity, growth indicators, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality indicators of honey pears to varying degrees. Among them, F₂ treatment demonstrated the most significant effects in increasing nitrogen content in leaves and fruits, promoting fresh leaf mass and leaf thickness growth, enhancing SPAD values, boosting soluble sugar content, increasing single fruit weight and yield, and reducing titratable acid content. F₃ treatment was most effective in increasing new shoot thickness, promoting net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, as well as improving soluble solids content. F₅ treatment showed the best results in raising phosphorus content in leaves and fruits, increasing fruit peel hardness, and enhancing V_C content. Principal component analysis revealed that F₂ treatment had the highest comprehensive score, and it was recommended for application in local pear orchards.