Abstract: This study focuses on seven major millet-producing provinces in China and employs the super-efficiency SBM model and GML index to measure and analyze the dynamic evolution trends of millet ecological efficiency from 2013 to 2023. The results show that the ecological efficiency of major millet-producing provinces has generally fluctuated upward during the study period, but most years have not reached an effective state. At the same time, there are differences in ecological efficiency levels among different major production provinces, indicating that there is still considerable room for improvement in the ecological benefits of millet cultivation. Based on this, we propose relevant suggestions from three aspects: optimizing the utilization of input resources, promoting technological innovation and dissemination, and activating the effectiveness of industrial support, aiming to promote the green, balanced, and high-quality development of the millet industry and ensure national food security and sustainable agricultural development.