Abstract: Using mid-leaves of the ‘Haiyan 204’ variety as material, three yellowing-phase treatments were established: low temperature (22~25 ℃), medium temperature (26~28 ℃), and high temperature (29~32 ℃). Illumina high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze bacterial and fungal community structures, and functional predictions were performed using the FAPROTAX and FUNGuild databases, the study analyzed the key effects of temperature regulation during the yellowing stage of air-curing on the phyllosphere microbial community structure and function of cigar tobacco leaves. The results showed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, while the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The functional bacteria of the genera Citrobacter and Methylobacterium had the highest relative abundances after medium-temperature treatment. The fungal community was more sensitive to temperature changes, with the dominant genera of S. sampayo, Cladosporium and Hyphosporium. High temperatures significantly reduced their abundance (Observed OTUs, Chao1 index) and promoted the enrichment of pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. Functional predictions indicate that high temperatures accelerate chemotrophic and fermentation processes, while low temperatures favor anaerobic chemotrophy and the accumulation of flavor precursors. Moderate temperatures maintain a stable, high level of functional activity in the conversion of aroma precursors, such as methane oxidation and hydrocarbon degradation. Temperature during the yellowing stage regulated the metabolic direction of tobacco leaves by shaping distinct microbial functional communities. Microbial abundance and activity were higher under moderate-temperature treatment. Low-temperature curing may facilitate the slow release and early accumulation of aroma compounds, but attention must be paid to the risks of pathogens and mold contamination.