高级检索

昭通烟区水肥一体化管理对烤烟生长及产质量的影响

Effects of Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Zhaotong Tobacco-growing Areas

  • 摘要: 为探明适宜昭通烟区的烤烟滴灌水肥一体化技术模式,在昭通市鲁甸、巧家、彝良、永善4个试验点开展田间试验,以常规施肥为对照(CK),设置了滴灌+常规施肥(S1)、20%基肥+80%水肥一体(S2)、全程水肥一体化(S3)3个处理,分析了不同处理对烤烟生育进程、农艺性状、病害发生、经济性状、化学成分及感官品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,水肥一体化处理(S1、S2、S3)能够促进烟株早生快发,大田生育期缩短了3~9 d;显著改善了农艺性状,其中S2处理烟株的株高、茎围、腰叶长、腰叶宽等指标表现整体最佳;有效降低了烟草病毒病(TMV、PVY)等病害的病情指数;提升了经济效益,S2处理在多数试验点产值最高,其中巧家试验点S3处理烤烟的上等烟比例达76.03%;协调了烟叶化学成分,各处理氯离子含量较CK降低了0.17~0.43个百分点,钾氯比得到优化;感官评吸质量稳定,部分处理在香气质、干净度等方面略有提升。在昭通烟区推广应用滴灌水肥一体化技术,尤其是采用20%基肥+80%水溶肥追施(S2)模式,可促进烤烟生长发育,提高产质量与经济效益。

     

    Abstract: To explore the suitable drip irrigation and integrated water-fertilizer technology model for flue-cured tobacco in Zhaotong tobacco-growing areas, field experiments were conducted in four counties and districts of Zhaotong City, including Ludian, Qiaojia, Yiliang and Yongshan. With conventional fertilization as the control (CK), three treatments were designed: drip irrigation + conventional fertilization (S1), 20% base fertilizer+80% integrated water-fertilizer topdressing (S2), and whole-process integrated water and fertilizer management (S3). The effects of different models on the growth process, agronomic traits, disease occurrence, economic traits, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the integrated water-fertilizer treatments (S1, S2 and S3) promoted early and rapid growth of tobacco plants, shortened the field growth period by 3~9 days, and significantly improved agronomic traits. S2 had the best performance in plant height, stem girth and middle leaf area, effectively reduced the disease index of tobacco viral diseases such as TMV and PVY, improved economic benefits, and achieved the highest output value at most experimental sites. The proportion of high-grade tobacco under S3 at Qiaojia site reached 76.03%, the chemical components of tobacco leaves were coordinated. The chloride ion content of each treatment decreased by 0.17~0.43 percentage points compared with CK, and the potassium-chloride ratio optimized. The sensory smoking quality was stable, and some treatments were slightly improved in aroma quality and cleanliness. The popularization and application of drip irrigation and integrated water-fertilizer technology in Zhaotong tobacco-growing areas, especially the model of 20% base fertilizer+80% water-soluble fertilizer topdressing (S2), can promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve yield, quality and economic benefits.