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2006—2025年江西省糯稻品种审定情况及育种展望

Approval Status and Breeding Prospects of Glutinous Rice Varieties in Jiangxi Province from 2006 to 2025

  • 摘要: 基于国家水稻数据中心的相关数据,以2006—2025年江西省审定的糯稻品种为研究材料,系统分析了江西省糯稻品种的类型、产量、抗性、品质等性状特征。结果表明,2006—2025年共审定糯稻品种22个,其中籼型常规糯稻品种有18个,占比为81.8%,优质糯稻品种有9个,占比为40.9%;产量集中在450.0~500.0 kg/667 m2之间,早稻糯稻品种普遍表现为有效穗数多、每穗总粒数较少、结实率较高、千粒重大,中晚稻糯稻品种表现为有效穗数偏少、每穗总粒数多、结实率高、千粒重大等特性;2006—2023年审定的糯稻品种对稻瘟病抗性整体偏差,2024—2025年稻瘟病抗性明显提升;2021—2025年审定的糯稻品种在整精米率上改善效果较大,而胶稠度、直链淀粉含量性状指标有所降低。鉴于此,提出了挖掘优异种质资源、加快杂交糯稻育种进程、提升抗性与品质等育种方向,为江西糯稻新品种选育提供了参考。

     

    Abstract: Based on the data from the National Rice Data Center, this study systematically collated glutinous rice varieties approved in Jiangxi Province from 2006 to 2025, and analyzed their traits including variety type, yield, stress resistance and quality. The results showed that 22 glutinous rice varieties were approved, including 18 indica conventional glutinous rice varieties accounting for 81.8% and 9 high-quality glutinous rice varieties accounting for 40.9%. The yield of these varieties mainly ranged from 450.0 kg to 500.0 kg per 667 square meters. Early-season glutinous rice varieties generally possessed more effective panicles, fewer total grains per panicle, high seed-setting rate and heavy 1000-grain weight, while medium and late-season glutinous rice varieties were characterized by fewer effective panicles, more total grains per panicle, high seed-setting rate and heavy 1000-grain weight. Glutinous rice varieties approved from 2006 to 2023 had generally poor resistance to rice blast, whereas those released from 2024 to 2025 exhibited significantly improved blast resistance. Varieties approved from 2021 to 2025 achieved remarkable improvement in head rice rate, accompanied by decreased gel consistency and amylose content. According to the development demands of the local glutinous rice industry, this paper proposes key breeding directions, such as enhancing the exploration of germplasm resources, promoting hybrid glutinous rice breeding, and improving resistance and quality, which can provide references for the breeding of new glutinous rice varieties in Jiangxi.