Abstract: As an important component of ecosystem supply services, food production services are directly related to the survival security and social stability of the global population. Although static food production research reveals the contradiction between regional food supply and demand, it ignores the mobility of food production services, which limits the effective formulation of sustainable development strategies for food production services and ecological compensation policies for arable land. This paper takes the cities along the Yellow River in Henan Province as the research area, quantifies the supply and demand level of food production services in 2023, takes counties as the smallest flow unit of food production services, and calculates the flow of food production services through the ecological radiation force model to identify nodes with important supply functions in the flow of food production services. Based on the arable land flow implied by the flow of food production services between counties, the ecological compensation standard for arable land is quantitatively calculated to provide scientific support for the formulation of reasonable ecological protection and agricultural development policies. The results show that:(1) There is a spatial mismatch between food supply and demand in the Yellow River region of Henan Province. The high food supply area is concentrated in the plains of northern and eastern Henan, while the high food demand area is radiating outward from the population centers of Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Xinxiang. The coupling coordination of food production service supply and demand is mainly barely coordinated.(2) In 2023, there were 115 grain production service flow routes in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Province, with a total flow of 1.2018 million tons. The flow was mainly concentrated in densely populated urban areas and surrounding areas.(3) Wushe County, Gongyi City and Xinxiang County, among other key counties, undertook more than 4 grain flows. These key counties are the core hubs for ensuring the efficiency of grain flow in the region.(4) A total of 22 districts in the study area benefited from the grain production service flow and needed to pay a total of RMB 1.417 billion in ecological compensation for cultivated land to 35 counties and districts that supplied the grain production service flow. Among them, Zhengzhou City(RMB 745 million) and Luoyang City(RMB 334 million) paid relatively high amounts. The research results can provide scientific support for the formulation of policies for food security, cultivated land protection and optimization of ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin.