Abstract: Based on the NDVI, annual average temperature, annual average precipitation, population density and land use data from 2000 to 2023, this paper studies the spatio-temporal changes of NDVI of vegetation in the Weibei Arid Plateau and its influencing factors by using methods such as trend analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that from 2000 to 2023, the NDVI of the vegetation in the Weibe Arid Plateau has shown a significant growth trend, with an average growth rate of 0.053/10 a across the entire region. During 2000～2023, the average temperature and annual precipitation in the Weibei Arid Plateau showed an increasing trend throughout the year, and were generally positively correlated with vegetation NDVI. Precipitation changes had a greater impact on NDVI than temperature. There is a negative correlation between population density and vegetation NDVI, indicating that an increase in population density is not conducive to improving vegetation growth conditions. The impact of land use on vegetation NDVI mainly lies in the continuous increase of NDVI in cultivated land, forest land and grassland, and the conversion of cultivated land to grassland. In conclusion, ecological migration, grain for green program, and ecological restoration has significantly contributed to the increase in vegetation NDVI.