Abstract: To investigate the selenium distribution characteristics in tea plants grown in selenium-rich soils and its impact on the quality-related phytochemical components of tea, this study employed 23 tea germplasm resources collected from the selenium-rich region of Xintang Township, Enshi City, Hubei Province, and systematically analyzed the dynamic variations in total selenium concentration in the “one-bud-two-leaves” flush across spring, summer, and autumn harvests. The organ-specific distribution of selenium across mature leaves, young leaves, stems, roots, and seed coats was comprehensively characterized. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) were conducted to elucidate the relationships among selenium concentration, catechins and amino acids in tea leaves. The results showed that all 23 tea germplasms met the established criterion for selenium-rich tea(0.87～4.32 mg/kg), with significantly higher selenium concentrations observed in autumn compared to spring and summer. Selenium distribution across plant organs was highly heterogeneous. Mature leaves exhibited the highest selenium concentration, whereas seed coats contained the lowest. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between selenium concentration and both ester-type catechins and total catechins. In contrast, selenium showed weak but generally negative correlations with most individual amino acid components. PCA further revealed that high-selenium germplasms tended to score lower in the composite amino acid quality index. Based on this integrated evaluation, the research identified two distinct functional categories of tea germplasms: high-selenium types(ZY001, ZY002 and ZY007) and high-quality, low-selenium types(ZY017, ZY014 and ZY009). These findings provide a robust theoretical foundation and valuable genetic resources for breeding novel selenium-rich tea cultivars, optimizing tea quality, and developing specialized tea varieties.