Abstract: The experiment used the peanut cultivar 'Jinhua No.1' as material. A randomized block design was adopted and five rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterial strains(SDB1, SDB3, SDB4, SDB5 and SDB9) derived from Sabina vulgaris were applied through root irrigation. The study examined their effects on agronomic traits, rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, yield, quality and economic benefits of peanuts. The results showed that the five rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterial strains exerted two distinct pathways of effects on peanuts:the "yield-increasing and efficiency-improving type" and the "quality-improving and fertilizer-enhancing type". Staphylococcus(SDB1), Cryobacterium(SDB3), and Bacillus thuringiensis(SDB4) primarily improved the hundred-kernel weight and activated soil nutrients. Compared with the control group(CK), these treatments significantly increased kernel yield by12.18% to 14.25%. Brevibacterium frigoritolerans(SDB5) and Kocuria rosea(SDB9) enhanced soil sucrase activity and organic matter content, altered plant nutrient allocation, and significantly increased the crude fat and crude protein content of the kernels, thereby improving quality while amending the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, SDB4 is a superior strain for achieving high yield, while SDB5 is a superior strain for improving quality. Both exhibit good economic and ecological benefits, providing a reference for the rational selection of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterial agents in green peanut cultivation.