Abstract: Under field experimental conditions, six treatments were set up:no fertilization(T₀), conventional fertilization(T₁), recommended fertilization(T₂), T₂ + 20% chemical fertilizer substituted by organic fertilizer(T₃), T₃ + nitrification inhibitor DCD(T₄), and T₄ + soil conditioner(T₅). The effects of different fertilization strategies on potato yield, nutrient utilization, and soil quality were studied. The results showed that the application of nitrification inhibitor and conditioner increased the content of soil available nutrients. Compared with T₀ treatment, the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and available potassium in T₅ treatment increased by 43.46%, 519.44% and 100.77%, while the content of nitrate nitrogen decreased by 79.02%. The yield of T₅ treatment was significantly 16.47% higher than that of T₁ treatment, and 10.81% higher than that of T₃ treatment with the same nutrient input. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in T₅ treatment reached 34.11%, 11.47% and 57.39%, respectively, which were 9.55, 8.54 and 12.35 percentage points higher than those in T₁ treatment. The increase of potato yields mainly depended on the increase of soil ammonium nitrogen(r=0.52^*) and available potassium(r=0.67^*) contents. T₄ treatment had the best economy with a net income of 50483 yuan/hm². Although T₅ treatment achieved the highest output value and yield, its net income was 46886 yuan/hm², lower than that of T₄ treatment, due to the cost of soil conditioner and application fee. The substitution of organic fertilizer combined with nitrification inhibitor improves the coupling degree between soil available nitrogen forms and potato nitrogen form preference characteristics, promotes nutrient absorption, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.