Abstract: The construction of digital countryside is an inevitable path to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, as well as a crucial driving force for increasing farmers' income in the new era. Based on provincial panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2014 and 2023, the study employs a two-way fixed effects model to empirically analyze the impact mechanism of digital rural construction on farmers' income growth. The results show that:(1) Digital rural construction significantly drives farmers' income growth through optimized factor allocation. From various dimensions, the promotion effect of digital rural services is the strongest. Further analysis reveals that the income-increasing effects of digital rural construction are more pronounced in eastern regions and high-income farmer groups.(2) The mediation effect test results indicate that digital rural construction enhances farmers' income by promoting improvements in rural human capital and agricultural labor productivity.(3) The threshold test results demonstrate that rural human capital levels exhibit a significant single-threshold effect on farmers' income growth, meaning that once the threshold of rural human capital level is crossed, it more significantly promotes income growth. The paper puts forward the following two countermeasures: develop digital village construction according to local conditions to narrow the regional development gap; meanwhile, pay attention to the cultivation of high-quality rural talents to add impetus to the sustainable development of increasing farmers' income.