Abstract: Based on panel data from 30 provinces（autonomous regions, municipalities） in China from 2009 to 2021, this study employs a two-way fixed-effect model to investigate the impact of land subcontracting on the grain-oriented adjustment of agricultural planting structures and its regional heterogeneity from a national perspective. The results show that land subcontracting significantly promotes the grain-oriented adjustment of agricultural planting structures. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that this promoting effect is more pronounced in arid regions and non-major grain-producing areas. Further analysis demonstrates that when land flows into individual farmers, it enhances the grain-oriented restructuring effect of land subcontracting, whereas when transferred to cooperatives, it diminishes this effect. Accordingly, it is proposed to improve the land transfer service system, implement zoning governance strategies, and establish differentiated guidance mechanisms for stakeholder behavior. These suggestions aim to provide evidence-based references for designing differentiated land transfer policies.