Abstract: To gain a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal variation characteristics in the ecological carbon sink of the Qinling Mountains and their influencing factors, this study selected net primary productivity（NPP） data from 2000 to 2023 and combined it with a soil heterotrophic respiration model to calculate the net ecosystem productivity（NEP） of vegetation. The Theil-Sen Median slope estimation, Mann-Kendall（M-K） significance test and geodetector methods were employed to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation NEP and its driving factors in the Qinling Mountains. The results show that during the period from 2000 to 2023, the NEP of vegetation in the Qinling Mountains shows an overall upward trend with fluctuations, with an average annual increase of 5.0 g C/（m²·a）, indicating that the vegetation’s carbon sequestration capacity is continuously strengthening. The average annual NEP of the Qinling Mountains exhibits a spatial distribution pattern of being higher in the west and lower in the east, with 76.5% of the area remaining unchanged or increasing. The geodetector analysis reveals that the normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） has the strongest explanatory power for the NEP of vegetation in the Qinling Mountains, while annual precipitation, slope, average annual temperature and aspect have relatively strong explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of NEP. The interaction between NDVI and precipitation also has a very significant impact on NEP. Therefore, in future efforts to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the Qinling Mountains, the synergistic effects of multiple factors should be given priority to achieve more efficient carbon sequestration outcomes.