Abstract: This study utilized three cultivars including Staley, French, and Goddess as experimental materials. Root immersion treatments were applied using water (CK), abscisic acid (ABA, 0.05 μmol/L), and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS, 250 mg/L) to analyze their effects on survival rate, physiological and biochemical indicators, and cold resistance. The results showed that cold-resistant agents significantly improved post-planting and post-winter survival rates of Prunus domestica, with COS treatment outperforming ABA. After winter, the survival rate of Staley under COS treatment reached 100%, which was significantly higher than that of CK. Additionally, COS treatment markedly reduced relative electrical conductivity, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and promoted the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances. Correlation analysis revealed that protective enzyme activities synergized with osmoregulatory substances to enhance cold resistance by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining cell membrane stability. Entropy weight-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation indicated that Staley combined with COS treatment achieved the highest relative closeness (0.940), significantly surpassing other combinations. In conclusion, the Staley cultivar with 250 mg/L COS root immersion is recommended for introduced Prunus domestica in Northern Xinjiang to effectively improve winter survival rates.