Abstract: Agricultural germplasm resources are strategic resources for ensuring national food security and the supply of important agricultural products, and building and running the provincial crop genebank well is the core and key to protecting these resources. In order to solve the problem of preserving agricultural germplasm resources and implement the strategy of“storing grain in technology”, in early 2022, Jiangxi Province completed and put into operation the first modern crop genebank that realizes automated storage and retrieval in China. Over the past three years, 38000 crop germplasm samples have been reproduced, updated, and cataloged and stored, while more than 9000 samples have been precisely identified. A set of technical methods for the safe and efficient operation of the provincial crop genebank has been preliminarily explored. This article introduces the construction and operation management mechanism of Jiangxi provincial crop genebank, proposes dividing crop germplasm into two categories: ordinary germplasm and newly created special germplasm, and established a new sharing mechanism accordingly to encourage individuals and organizations to submit collected and created germplasm for storage in the genebank, thereby improving the efficiency of identification, screening, sharing and utilization of excellent and special germplasm.