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多雨烟区半揭膜方式对烟株养分积累和烟叶质量的影响

Effect of Half Uncovering Film on Nutrient Accumulation of Tobacco Plants and Quality of Tobacco in Rainy Regions

  • 摘要: 中期揭膜是烟叶生产中提高烟叶质量的重要方式之一,烟叶生产后期常见多雨寡照的气候,因此,高效利用揭膜方式保障烟株生长和烟叶质量值得关注。采用随机区组设计,研究了不同揭膜方式[不覆膜(NF)、不揭膜(CF)、中期揭膜(UF)和半揭膜处理(HF)]对烟株养分吸收和烟叶产质量的影响,结果表明:覆膜(HF、UF、CF)处理的株高、茎围、有效叶片数显著高于NF处理,但覆膜(HF、UF、CF)处理之间差异不显著,以HF处理较优; HF、UF处理的烟叶产量分别比NF处理显著提高了8.85%和13.07%,产值分别比NF处理提高了12.56%和16.08%; HF、UF与CF处理之间的产量差异不显著。HF、UF处理的烟株对N、P、K的吸收量和积累量显著高于NF处理,烟叶化学成分协调性较优。HF、UF处理的烟株对N、P、K的吸收量和积累量与CF处理之间差异不显著。综上,中期揭膜尤其是半揭膜方式有利于促进烟株生长,在增加烟叶产量的同时改善了烤后烟叶品质,以及增加了烟株养分积累和提高了烟农收入,为烟田田间管理提供了一定的理论依据。

     

    Abstract: Mid-term uncovering is one of the important patterns to improve tobacco quality, but the abundant rainy often appears at the late stage of tobacco growth. How to efficiently utilize the film uncovering methods to ensure the growth of tobacco plants and the quality of tobacco, is still lacking. A randomized block design was used to investigate the effects of different film uncovering methods (non-film NF, covering film CF, uncovering film UF, and half uncovering film HF) on the nutrient uptake of tobacco plants, the yield and quality of tobacco. The results showed that film (HF, UF and CF) treatments were higher than NF treatment in terms of plant height, stem girth and number of effective leaves, but the difference between film treatments was not significant, with HF treatment being better. Compared to NF treatment, tobacco leaf yields of HF and UF treatments were significantly 8.85% and 13.07%, and the output values were increased by 12.56% and 16.08%, respectively. The difference in yield among HF, UF and CF treatments was not significant. The uptake and accumulation of N, P and K in HF and UF tobacco plants were higher than that in NF treatment, and the chemical composition of the tobacco leaves was superior. The differences of uptake and accumulation of N, P and K among HF, UF and CF treatments were not significant. The study suggested that that the uncovering film, especially the uncovering half-film method, was conducive to promoting the growth of tobacco plants, increasing the yield of tobacco, improving the quality of tobacco, increasing the nutrients accumulation, and the income of tobacco farmers, which can provide a theoretical basis for field management in tobacco fields.