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基于水分动态调控的阶段性变温变速滚炒—辉干工艺对炒青绿茶风味品质的影响

Optimization of Dynamic Moisture-regulated Stage-specific Variable Temperature/Speed Roll-roasting and Final Roasting Processes, and Their Impact on Quality and Flavor Characteristics of Roasted Green Tea

  • 摘要: 基于炒青绿茶工艺过程中的水分动态变化规律,以感官品质、香气成分及风味为评价指标,围绕滚炒工序的温度与转速参数、辉干工序的温度参数,研究了定温定速滚炒—定温滚足干、变温速滚炒—定温烘足干、变温变速滚炒—变温烘足干3种组合工艺对炒青绿茶品质及香气特征的影响。结果表明:变温变速滚炒—变温烘足干工艺对炒青绿茶的色泽和香气品质影响较大;其中,主体香气及脱氢芳樟醇、苯乙醇、反-3-己烯-1-醇、顺-β-罗勒烯、二甲基戊酸甲酯、顺-己酸-3-己烯酯、顺-茉莉酮、2-正戊基呋喃、1-乙基-2-甲酰吡咯等特殊香气成分的相对含量存在较大差异,这是造成炒青绿茶风味特征呈现差异的主要原因。阶段性变温变速滚炒结合变温烘足干的辉干工艺,在提升绿茶色泽与香气品质方面的效果优于其他工艺。滚炒第一阶段出锅水分控制在25%,不同工艺调控时间分别为定温定速25 min、变温定速13 min、变温变速10 min;滚炒第二阶段水分控制在10%,不同工艺调控时间分别为定温定速25 min、变温定速27 min、变温变速30 min。

     

    Abstract: Based on the dynamic change of moisture during the processing of roasted green tea, taking the sensory quality, aroma components and flavor of the finished product as the evaluation indexes, for the treatment of temperature and speed in the process of roll-roasting and final roasting, the effects of suitable combination processes of constant temperature and constant speed speed roll-roasting+constant temperature final roasting, variable temperature and variable speed roll- roasting+constant temperature final roasting, and variable temperature and variable speed roll-roasting+variable temperature final roasting on the quality and flavor of roasted green tea were studied. The results showed the color and aroma quality of roasted green tea were greatly affected by variable temperature and variable speed roll-roasting and variable temperature final roasting flavoring processes. There is a difference in relative content of special aroma components including hotrienol, phenylethyl alcohol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, β-ocimene, methyl 2-methylvalerate, caproic acid cis-3-hexen-1-yl ester, cis-jasmone, 2-pentylfuran and 1-ethyl-2-formylpyrrole, which is the main reason for the difference of flavor characteristics. The process of variable temperature and variable speed roll-roasting + variable temperature final roasting process is better than other processes in improving the color and aroma quality. The water content in the first stage of roll-roasting is 25%, the control time of different processes was constant temperature and constant speed for 25 min, variable temperature and constant speed for 13 min, variable temperature and variable speed for 10 min, and the water content in the second stage of roll-roasting is 10%. The control time of different processes is constant temperature and constant speed for 25 min, variable temperature and constant speed for 27 min and variable temperature and variable speed for 30 min.