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草莓早熟性状与繁殖效率的遗传分析研究

Genetic Analysis of Precocity and Propagation Efficiency in Strawberry

  • 摘要: 以早熟品种‘香野’、晚熟品种‘玉兔’和中熟品种‘云莓1号’为试材,分别进行自交、杂交,构建了‘香野’自交、‘玉兔’自交、‘云莓1号’自交、‘香野×玉兔’杂交和‘香野×云莓1号’杂交5个遗传群体。调查群体内各单株第一花序第一花开花时间、匍匐数量和子苗的数量,分析了早熟性状分离规律、早熟性与繁殖效率之间的遗传关联性。早熟品种‘香野’自交S1代整体偏早熟(群体内各单株开花时间集中分布在10月和11月),晚熟品种‘玉兔’自交S1代整体偏晚熟(各单株开花时间集中分布在1月和2月),中熟品种‘云莓1号’自交S1代整体熟期居中(各单株开花时间集中分布在12月);‘香野×云莓1号’杂交群体开花时间早于‘香野×玉兔’杂交群体。3个自交群体和2个杂交群体开花数据分布均为单峰值,这表明草莓早熟性非单基因控制,可能受2个或2个以上的基因控制;调查5月底和6月底匍匐茎和子苗的数量后发现,晚熟群体匍匐茎萌发早,同期匍匐茎数量显著大于早熟群体,同期晚熟群体子苗数量大于早熟群体。由此可知,草莓开花早熟性非单基因控制,而是受2个或2个以上基因控制的;草莓早熟性状与繁殖效率呈负相关,晚熟品种营养繁殖效率显著高于早熟品种,但这一结论需要将来在更多的材料群体内加以验证。

     

    Abstract: Early flowering variety ‘Kaorino’, late flowering variety ‘Yutu’ and medium flowering variety ‘Yunmei No.1’ were used as materials to establish five genetic progenies, namely selfed ‘Kaorino’, selfed ‘Yutu’, selfed ‘Yunmei No.1’, ‘Kaorino×Yutu’, and ‘Kaorino×Yunmei No.1’. The flowering time of the first flower in the first inflorescence and the number of stolon and runner tip for each individual plant in the five genetic progenies were investigated, and the segregation model of the precocity trait and the genetic correlation between precocity traits and propagation efficiency were analyzed. The selfed ‘Kaorino’ progeny demonstrated early flowering with peak flowering time in October and November, the selfed ‘Yutu’ progeny demonstrated late flowering with peak flowering time in January and February, and the selfed ‘Yunmei No.1’ progeny demonstrated middle flowering time with peak flowering in December. The flowering time of ‘Kaorino×Yunmei No.1’ progeny was earlier than that of ‘Kaorino×Yutu’ progeny. The flowering date distribution of 3 selfed progenies and 2 crossed progenies showed a single peak, indicating that strawberry precocity is not controlled by a single gene, but by 2 or more genes. At the end of May and June, the number of stolon and runner tip of the late-flowering progenies were found to be more than that of early flowering progenies. In conclusion, the precocity of strawberries is not controlled by a single gene, but by 2 or more genes. The precocity of strawberries is negatively correlated with the propagation efficiency, and the propagation efficiency of late-flowering progenies is significantly higher than that of early-flowering progenies. This conclusion needs further research to support in the near future with more genotypes as research materials.