Abstract: A large amount of waste generated during Asparagus planting, harvesting and processing is rich in nutrients and has high value for fertilizer utilization. As the core technology for its resource utilization, aerobic composting can convert waste into high-quality organic fertilizer through microorganism-mediated organic matter degradation and nutrient transformation. This paper systematically elaborated on the raw material characteristics of Asparagus waste, including the physicochemical properties of by-products from planting, harvesting, and processing stages, analyzed the decomposition mechanism of organic matter during aerobic composting, involving the synergistic effect of microbial communities and the regulatory influence of environmental factors, summarized the application effects of compost products in soil improvement and crop growth, and prospected the future development directions of this technology, providing a reference for the industrial application of aerobic composting of Asparagus waste.