Abstract: To systematically investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among local Dahegu rice germplasm resources in Southern Jiangxi Province, and to identify elite genetic materials, we conducted a comprehensive study using 42 local Dahegu rice accessions. Thirty critical agronomic traits were analyzed, including growth period, seed setting rate, number of effective panicles, and other key parameters, through Shannon-Wiener diversity index calculation, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the diversity index of 15 quality traits of 42 local Dahegu rice germplasm resources in southern Jiangxi ranged from 0.30 to 1.04, and the coefficient of variation was 10.98% to 70.08%. The diversity index of the 15 quantitative traits ranged from 1.60 to 2.04, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 6.00% to 52.51%. Correlation analysis shows that there is extensive correlation among the 15 quantitative traits. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the 42 accessions into three distinct groups: Cluster I (25 accessions), ClusterⅡ (12 accessions), and Cluster Ⅲ (5 accessions). PCA results showed that the first five principal components collectively accounted for 81.422% of the total variance. Through comprehensive evaluation scores, seven accessions with superior agronomic performance were identified including Tiancun Dahegu, Daxi Dahegu 2, Pingshan Dahegu, Meijiang Dahegu 3, Nantang Dahegu, Xiaoqin Dahegu and Qinsheng Dahegu.