Abstract: Taking Jiangjin District of Chongqing as the research area, establishes a comprehensive evaluation system of cultivated land quality, uses analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each factor index, and carries out cultivated land obstacle factor analysis, soil erosion evaluation and coupling coordination research. The results show that: (1) The quality area of cultivated land at the middle level is dominant, accounting for 77.61% of the total area of cultivated land in the region. The quality level of cultivated land in Jiangjin District shows a trend of medium to high, and shows strong spatial aggregation characteristics. (2) The obstacle degree of geological characteristics, soil characteristics and vegetation growth in the criterion layer is more than 45.00%, which has a prominent hindrance to the quality of cultivated land in Jiangjin District. The obstacle degree of soil layer thickness, organic matter content, drainage capacity and soil moisture index in the index layer is greater than 50.00%, which is the main factor limiting the quality of cultivated land in Jiangjin District. (3) The soil erosion in Jiangjin District is generally good, and the slight and below erosion accounts for 84.65% of the total area. The degree of erosion is significantly different in spatial distribution, and the areas with serious erosion are concentrated in the northern region. In general, the coupling and coordination degree between cultivated land quality and soil erosion in Jiangjin District is high, and it is in a relatively good state of coordinated development.