Abstract: Based on land use data of five periods from 1990 to 2020, this study simulated and analyzed the carbon storage of ecosystem in Qinling Mountains by the InVEST model. The results showed that: (1) Between 1990 and 2020, The three core land use types in Qinling Mountains are forest land, grassland and cultivated land, with area proportions of approximately 39%, 35% and 24% respectively. The total area of construction land, water areas and unused land accounts for only about 2%. (2) During 1990~2020, The total area of cultivated land reduced by 30700 hm², primarily converted to woodland and grassland. The total area of grassland decreased by 21400 hm², with most of it being transformed into cultivated land and forest land. The total area of construction land increased by 37500 hm2, primarily derived from cultivated land and grassland, reflecting the growing demand for land in the rapidly developing economy and urbanization. (3) From 1990 to 2020, carbon storage and carbon density in Qinling Mountains decreased initially and then increased. With the increase of altitude, carbon storage and carbon density increased initially and then decreased. With the increase of slope, the carbon storage and carbon density of the ecosystem in the Qinling Mountains demonstrated an increasing trend, and the change trend of carbon storage and carbon density in different years was essentially consistent.