Abstract: Using MODIS remote sensing data and meteorological observation data, Combined with FVC, NPP and VEQI index models, the spatio-temporal changes of vegetation ecology in Anji County from 2010 to 2022 were quantitatively evaluated to reveal the spatiotemporal differentiation of vegetation ecology in Anji County, with the aim of providing a reference for the objective evaluation of the ecological status of the research area. The results showed that: (1) The vegetation coverage (FVC) and vegetation ecological quality index (VEQI) in Anji County showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the proportion below 50 meters above sea level accounted for 70%~80%, leading the whole province. (2) The carbon sequestration and oxygen release capacity of forest in Anji County was continuously enhanced, with the average annual CO₂ absorption increasing by 11.08 g/m² and O₂ release increasing by 8.14 g/m², indicating significant ecological benefits. (3) The area of VEQI increase was dominated by human activities and climate change in 32.21%, followed by human activities and climate dominance in 24.85% and 21.73%, respectively.