Abstract: This paper selects the provincial sample data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2022, and uses a two-way fixed model to empirically analyze the relationship between digital infrastructure construction and agricultural and rural modernization. The results show that the construction of digital infrastructure can promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and the promotion effect is more significant in areas with higher urbanization development level. Digital finance plays a threshold effect. In the process of mechanism analysis, the construction of digital infrastructure can promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas by promoting agricultural technology innovation. Based on this, this paper puts forward policy suggestions such as improving the construction of digital infrastructure, attaching importance to the promoting role of technological innovation, and consolidating the construction of talent team, in order to provide theoretical and empirical support for the realization of agricultural and rural modernization.