Abstract: Based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2012 to 2021, this paper adopts the spatial Durbin model to empirically analyze the direct effects and spatial spillover effects of agricultural scientific and technological innovation on high-quality agricultural development. The results show that from the national level, agricultural scientific and technological innovation not only has a significant direct effect on the positive promotion of high-quality agricultural development in the region, but also has a significant spatial spillover effect on the high-quality agricultural development in neighboring regions, and the spatial spillover effect is much larger than the direct effect. From the regional perspective, the impact of agricultural scientific and technological innovation on high-quality agricultural development has regional heterogeneity, and the proportion of spatial spillover effect in the total effect is the highest in the west, the second in the east, and the lowest in the central region. Based on this, this paper proposes to continue to improve the level of agricultural scientific and technological innovation according to local conditions, make full use of the spatial spillover effect of agricultural scientific and technological innovation on high-quality agricultural development, promote advanced areas of agricultural science and technology innovation to radiate to less developed areas, promote scientific and technological innovation to promote high-quality agricultural development, and accelerate the construction of an agricultural power.