Abstract: As an important part of grain and oil security, oilseed production has also played a positive contribution in the grain and oilseed production in Shanxi Province. The oilseed crops in Shanxi Province have achieved“seven consecutive bumper harvests” from 2015 to 2022. By exploring the pattern of increasing production and the underlying causes, it is helpful for the sustainable development of oilseed crops in Shanxi Province, improving the yield and quality of oilseed crops, optimizing the agricultural structure and ensuring the safety of grain and oil. Based on the Logarithmic mean weigh division index method (LMDI) model and GIS technology, this paper quantitatively analyzed the yield increase of oilseed crops (including soybean, rapeseed and sunflower), the change of crop structure, the regional pattern of yield increase and the contributing factors from 2015 to 2022 in Shanxi Province from the provincial and municipal perspectives. The results showed that at the provincial and municipal levels, the contribution of yield increase to total output growth was higher than that of planting area expansion; soybean, rapeseed and sunflower were the leading factors for the“seven consecutive bumper harvests” of oilseed crops in Shanxi Province, among which rapeseed had the most significant increase, but soybean had the highest contribution rate and yield increase, which were the main driving forces; The yield increase of soybean and sunflower mainly comes from the increase of yield per unit area, while rapeseed mainly comes from the expansion of planting area and the increase of yield per unit area; the contribution of northern Shanxi to the yield increase of oilseed is the most significant in general, reaching the level of overspeed yield increase, which is the main force of oilseed production increase in Shanxi. To sum up, we should make efficient use of land resources, continuously improve the yield level, and realize the sustainable increase of oil production.