Abstract: In order to explore the effects of maize planting patterns on the organic carbon components and enzyme activities of red soil in slope farmland, five treatments were set up, including monoculture maize (CK), maize intercropping potato (T₁), maize intercropping soybean (T₂), vetch rotation maize (T₃) and pea rotation maize (T₄). The effects of different maize planting patterns on soil nutrients, soil organic carbon and its components, carbon pool management index and soil enzyme activity were studied. The relationship between soil organic carbon components and soil nutrients and enzyme activities under different maize planting patterns was analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK, both maize intercropping and maize rotation patterns could increase soil available nutrients, but AK content in maize rotation treatment was significantly reduced. The soil enzyme activity of intercropping and maize rotation patterns was significantly increased, and the effect of T₁ was the best. Maize intercropping and crop rotation could change soil organic carbon and its components and soil carbon pool management index. The contents of SOC, EOC, DOC and POC were the highest in T₁. The CPMI of T₁ was the best among different planting patterns. Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil organic carbon and its components. TK, TP, TN and pH were not significantly correlated with soil organic carbon and its components. AN was significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon and other organic carbon components except ECO. AK was significantly positively correlated with EOC and DOC, and AP was significantly negatively correlated with EOC and POC. RDA redundancy analysis showed that β-glucosidase and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting soil organic carbon and its components.