Abstract: Based on CSS2021 survey data, this paper empirically examines the impact of Internet use on rural household income growth from the perspective of social capital by endogenous switching regression (ESR) model. The results show that Internet use not only has a significant effect on increasing farmers’ income, but also helps low-income groups to share digital dividends. The income-increasing effect of Internet has significant heterogeneity, and the lower age group and the higher education level group can obtain higher income through Internet use. The use of Internet mainly promotes the growth of the household income through social capital, and social capital has a significant positive intermediary effect. Therefore, while accelerating the construction of digital infrastructure, we should pay attention to the accumulation of individual social capital of farmers and give full play to the income-increasing effect of Internet.