Abstract: The coupling and coordinated development of rural digital economy and green agriculture is an important driving force to promote China’s agricultural modernization and high-quality development, and it is also an important guarantee and path to realize the comprehensive rural revitalization. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper calculates and analyzes the coupling coordination degree and spatiotemporal characteristics of rural digital economy and green agriculture, and analyzes the differential performance and main influencing factors by the Dagum Gini coefficient method and obstacle degree model. The results show that although the development of rural digital economy and green agriculture is on the rise, they have not reached the optimal coupling state. In terms of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination degree in the eastern part is always higher than that of the other three regions. The inter-regional differences in coupling coordination degree are much higher than the intra-regional differences, which are the main sources of spatial differences. The main factors restricting the coupling and coordinated development of rural digital economy and green agriculture in China include the level of rural information technology application and the level of rural electricity consumption. Accordingly, it is suggested to adhere to policy guidance and technological innovation, make full use of the natural endowment of each region, strengthen the complementary advantages of each region, and implement differentiated policies in each region according to local conditions, so as to effectively promote the coordinated development of rural digital economy and green agriculture.