Abstract: The 500 typical tobacco-planting soil samples from plowing layer were collected, covering main tobacco-planting regions. The soil integrated fertility index (IFI) based on 19 chemical indicators such as pH, SOM and nutrient elements were quantitatively evaluated, then soil fertility status and spatial distribution, as well as evolution characteristics, were investigated. The results showed that: (1) pH, TN, AN, Mg²⁺ and Cl^- were at the suitable levels, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and Mo were at the extremely high levels, and SOM, AP, AK, Ca²⁺, Si, B and Fe were at the high levels, but TP and TK were at the low levels. (2) The average IFI value was 0.685, which was generally at higher grade. The IFI showed no significant difference among different tobacco planting regions and soil types, while the IFI of tobacco-planting soil with an altitude above 2000 m was significantly lower than others. (3) The IFI of tobacco-planting soil had increased by one grade from 2006 to 2019, with a growth rate of 20.17%. The management of tobacco-planting soil in Guizhou should focus on “conservation” and supplement by “cultivation”. In general, soil amendment and fertilizer application should be based on soil fertility status, and micro-nutrient fertilizer should be controlled.