Abstract: In order to promote the renewal of rapeseed varieties and the increase of yield per unit area in Jiangxi Province, it is urgent to carry out the research on the screening of new hybrid rapeseed varieties with high yield, stable yield and strong superiority, and identify the key index that affects the high yield of rapeseed. Variety identification tests were conducted in Gao’an, Jiujiang, Ningdu, Jinxian and Ganzhou from 2022 to 2024. Ganyuza 8 was used as the control to evaluate high yield and stable yield of 19 rapeseed varieties, including Ganyuza 10 and X22-04, systematically analyze the differences in growth period, yield and plant type indexes among different rapeseed varieties, and explore the key indicators affecting the high yield of rapeseed. The results showed that Yameyou 1 and Ganyuza 10 not only had better growth period stability, but also had the best comprehensive performance in terms of high yield and stable yield. Clustering analysis was used to divide 15 varieties into four groups: high yield and stable yield, high but unstable yield, intermediate type, and low but stable yield. The characteristics of high-yield varieties included high seed weight per silique and high seed number per silique. Grey relational analysis and correlation analysis show that the seed weight per silique is the key index that influences the high yield of rapeseed. In conclusion, Yameyou 1 and Ganyuza 10 are the best rapeseed varieties to plant in Jiangxi region with high and stable yields, and the seed weight per silique is the key index affecting high yield of rapeseed.