Abstract: The integrated development of rural digitalization and agricultural green development is the emerging driving force to promote the process of agricultural modernization. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022,this paper discussed the impact of rural digitalization on agricultural Green total factor productivity（GTFP） and its action mechanism. SBM-GML productivity index model and entropy method respectively were used to measure agricultural GTFP and rural digitalization level, and fixed effect model, intermediary effect model and threshold effect model were used to explore the effect and action path of rural digitalization on agricultural GTFP. The results show that rural digitization significantly promotes the improvement of agricultural GTFP. Rural digital development can improve agricultural GTFP through agricultural science and technology innovation. Compared with the main grain producing areas and the north, the non-grain producing areas and southern rural digitization has a weak effect on improving agricultural GTFP. The threshold test shows that there is a significant double threshold effect on the promotion effect of rural digitalization on agricultural GTFP, that is, rural digitization can significantly promote the improvement of agricultural GTFP after crossing the threshold value. Therefore, we should speed up the construction of rural digital infrastructure, build regional cooperation mechanism, strengthen the supporting role of science and technology in agricultural green development, in order to improve the level of green agricultural green development and accelerate the process of agricultural modernization.