Abstract: In order to find out the research progress of the rotation fallow model and its ecological effect in different regions of China, the concept of rotation fallow and the main promotion model in different regions were reviewed in detail by means of literature retrieval, literature research and content classification, and the effects of rotation fallow were expounded from three aspects: soil ecological effect, crop ecological effect and greenhouse gas emission reduction. The restriction factors of crop rotation fallow were discussed, and the future research was prospected.