Abstract: The Haihun River watershed in Yongxiu County of Jiangxi Province was taken as the research area. By collecting 180 surface soil samples and integrating geostatistics, geographical detector technology and GIS, the study analyzed the correlation between soil organic carbon content and environmental variables such as land use type, parent material and soil type.The results show that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in soil organic carbon content within the Haihun River watershed,with an average content of 12.65 g/kg and a high coefficient of variation of 44.43%. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon is influenced by multiple factors, among which land use type has the most significant impact, followed by soil type, while the influence of parent material is relatively minor. The study further quantified the independent and interactive effects of these factors on soil organic carbon content using factor detector and interaction detector model. The results can provide a scientific basis for soil carbon management, regional environmental quality and carbon cycle balance.