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基于水量平衡的澳洲坚果灌溉制度研究

Study on Irrigation Schedule of Macadamia integrifolia Based on Water Balance

    摘要
  • 摘要: 基于澜沧气象站1958—2017年的实测气象资料，采用作物系数法和水量平衡法计算澳洲坚果各生育期的作物需水量及不同典型年的灌溉定额，利用灌水上、下限的差值制定了适宜的灌溉制度。澳洲坚果在丰水年、平水年、中等干旱年及特枯年的需水量分别为829.55、844.99、875.24、915.07 mm，各生育期的需水量由大到小依次为：成熟期—采摘期>果实膨大期>萌芽期—花期>休眠期。各典型年的作物系数基本不变，萌芽期—花期（休眠期）、果实膨大期、成熟期—采摘期的作物系数分别为0.33、0.91、0.76。不同灌水上、下限的差值会影响灌溉定额和灌溉制度，当差值大于6.0%时，灌溉定额保持不变，约为237.5 mm；当差值小于6.0%时，灌溉定额随差值减小而减小，当差值较小时，灌溉次数增多，灌水规律不一致；而当差值为3.3%时，制定的灌溉制度更为合理，即分别取灌水上限（19.8%）、下限（16.5%），在灌溉保证率分别为25%、50%、75%、95%时，灌溉定额分别为1921.65、2149.35、2317.50、2652.30 m3/hm2，灌溉次数分别为16、18、19、21次。最适宜的灌水上、下限的差值为3.3%，在此条件下制定的灌溉制度科学合理且能够提高水资源的利用效率。研究结果可为目前缺少试验资料的澳洲坚果灌溉管理、灌溉工程规模确定和农业水资源高效利用提供科学依据。

     

    Abstract: Based on the measured meteorological data of Lancang meteorological Station from 1958 to 2017,the crop water demand of each growth period and irrigation quota of different typical years were deduced by the crop coefficient method and water balance method,and the difference between the upper and lower limits of irrigation water was used to develop an appropriate irrigation schedule.The water requirement of Macadamia nut was 829.55 mm,844.99 mm,875.24 mm and 915.07mm in wet year,normal year,medium dry year and dry year.The water requirement of each growth stage was ripening-picking stage＞fruit expansion stage＞germination stage-flowering stage＞dormant stage.The crop coefficient of each typical year was basically unchanged,and the crop coefficient of germination stage-flowering stage （dormant stage）,fruit expansion stage,ripening stage-picking stage were 0.33,0.91 and 0.76,respectively.The difference between the upper and lower limits of irrigation volume affected the irrigation quota.When the difference value is greater than 6.0%,the irrigation norm remains unchanged,about 237.5 mm.When the difference value is less than 6.0%,the irrigation quota decreases with the decrease of difference value.When the difference value is small,the number of irrigation increases and the law of irrigation is inconsistent.When the difference value is 3.3%,the irrigation scheduling formulated is the most reasonable,that is,the upper limit （19.8%） and lower limit （16.5%） of irrigation water are taken.When the irrigation guarantee rate is 25%,50%,75%and 95%,the irrigation quota is 1921.65 m3/hm2,2149.35 m3/hm2,2317.50 m3/hm2 and 2652.30 m3/hm2,and Irrigation times were 16 times,18 times,19 times and 21 times.The appropriate difference is 3.3%.Under this condition,the irrigation schedule is scientific and reasonable and can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources.The research results can provide references for irrigation management of Macadamia nut,scale determination of irrigation projects and efficient utilization of agricultural water resources.

     

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