Abstract: This study took Ficus altissima Blume seedlings, a typical Ficus plant in South China, as the research object. Three types of organic matter (humic acid, fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer and fermented rice husk organic fertilizer) and three addition levels (0, 0.2% and 1.0%) were conducted in pot experiments to analyze the response characteristics of root morphological traits and soil nutrient content to organic matter in Ficus altissima Blume. The results showed that: (1) The addition of organic matter significantly promoted the growth of Ficus altissima Blume, including plant height, ground diameter, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, biomass, crown width, leaf and root growth traits, and the promotion effect varied with the type and concentration of organic matter. The treatment of humic acid and fermented chicken manure organic fertilizer significantly increased the total surface area, total projected area of the leaves of Ficus altissima Blume, and the total volume, total surface area and total projected area of the root system. (2) The addition of organic matter promoted the accumulation of nutrients in the roots of Ficus altissima Blume, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents increased by 0.36～0.85, 0.08～0.19, 0.03～0.35 percentage point, respectively. (3) The addition of organic matter significantly improved the soil environment, such as soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) , organic matter content, and the activities of neutral phosphatase and amylase, and increased the accumulation of soil nutrients and ammonium nitrogen. (4) Correlation analysis indicated that soil organic matter content was positively correlated with leaf and root morphological traits, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of Ficus altissima Blume, and significantly positively correlated with soil pH, EC, available potassium and nitrate nitrogen content.