Abstract: This article used a field plot experiment method, and took conventional fertilizer application treatment as the control to study the effects of three different fertilizer treatments including conventional fertilizer+broad bean straw tillage and returning to the field, 80% conventional fertilizer application+broad bean straw tillage and returning to the field (T₂) , and 80% conventional fertilizer application + broad bean straw tillage and returning to the field+calcareous soil conditioner (80 kg/667m²) on rice yield and soil basic fertility. The results showed that compared with the control CK, the dry matter yield of rice in T₂ treatment reached 676.78 kg/667 m², which increased by 36.46 kg/667 m² and 5.69%. The cost of fertilizer investment decreased by 29.9 yuan/667 m², resulting in an increase of 117.50 yuan/667 m² in income and a 19.36% increase in economic benefits. The soil pH value, organic matter, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus content significantly increased by 0.07, 1.43 g/kg, 21.82 mg/kg, 17.64 mg/kg, 0.17 g/kg, and 0.14 g/kg, respectively. The soil available phosphorus and total potassium content increased by 10.37 mg/kg and 0.79 g/kg, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal fertilization treatment was “80% conventional fertilizer application+returning broad bean straw”, which can be popularized and applied in the “broad bean rice” rotation mode in Lianjiang County.